Design Research Methodology : Research - Critical Review (Week 04 - Week 07)

21/04/2022 - 12/05/2022 / Week 04 - Week 07

Design Research Methodology RES60604

NAME: Sea Hirayama

I.D: 0347596

COURSE: Bachelor of Design in Creative Media / Taylor's Design School

●Instructions

●Lectures

Week 04 :

Before getting the feedback for research proposal task, we got the brief of critical review task.

Week 05 :

– What does critical mean?

Reading literature 'critically' involves neither taking anything at face value or dismissing it out of hand, but rather pausing to think about it. The word 'critical' is commonly misunderstood to indicate 'negative' or 'condemning,' but that is not the case here.

What matters is that you read the literature while thinking about whether it really supports the claim, whether there is a better approach, whether the data and its interpretation are correct, and so on, and that you don't read with preconceived notions about whether you want to accept or reject the claim. Make sure you're not reading with preconceived notions about what you want or don't want to accept.

－ Key points for critical reading.

Even though you understand that you should read the literature critically, if you don't know where the important points are, you're likely to overlook things that you should pause and examine, or you may be unable to continue reading due to the details.

As you grow more familiar with the study and research methods in the subject, you will progressively gain a better understanding of where the points you need to consider are located, but the following is a brief outline of some of the points you should read carefully.

The first step is to gain an accurate view of the literature's structure and substance. Sort out what the study is trying to show, how it does it, and on what foundation it based its claims, as described in Understanding the Content of the Literature.

1. Ensure the correctness of the evidence and the appropriateness of the method

– Are the facts that the allegation is based on truly 'plausible'?

Are statistics and arguments offered to support the evidence's validity and appropriateness? Furthermore, statements like "... is self-evident" and sentences containing words and modifications with negative or good meanings indirectly communicate the writer's assessment of the situation. To avoid being persuaded by the appearance of such terms, it is vital to pause and analyse whether or not this is true.

– Are the data (e.g., collection techniques and interpretation) provided in an appropriate manner?

It is not always the case that data that is mentioned is correct. It's possible that the manner the data was gathered skewed the results, or that just the parts of the data retrieved that are useful to the author were highlighted.

> Checkpoints for reading data.

What was the data collected for, in terms of population, time period, and scenario (characteristics)?
What is the total amount of records? (overall number)
Were there any missing or incomplete data? (number of valid responses, exclusion criteria, etc.)
What approach is being utilised for the survey?
What exactly is being polled?
(What options (if using the questionnaire approach) were available, and how were they phrased?
(Can you tell me what rating scale was used?) (in the case of a questionnaire method)

> Is the demographic (target) from which the data was gathered appropriate?

It is critical to acquire data from the suitable subjects when conducting research (population). Make sure you study the report to ensure you've gathered enough data from the appropriate people (population) for your purposes.

– Are the data collection methods (survey methods, survey items, etc.) appropriate?

The circumstances under which the relevant data is acquired, as well as the methods (means) by which it is obtained, have a substantial impact on the data's character. In psychology and sociology, for example, questionnaires (also known as surveys) are frequently employed, and when reading these data, the following points should be considered.

– Are the data presentation and interpretation methods suitable (reasonable)?

Data analysis results are sometimes published in the literature as figures, tables, or photos, as well as in written form. However, before reading them, the meaning and substance that may be derived from them should be carefully reviewed to verify that they are "correct and legitimate."

For example, it is common for the text to say "as demonstrated in Figure 1, we can see that xx is," while this fact cannot be deduced from Figure 1 (e.g., there is a graph but no explanation of the real value, no units, no description of the overall amount, and no "what is 10% in relation to what," etc.). In addition, a number of articles have been withdrawn in recent years due to improper data processing, modification, or falsification of graphs (the authors themselves often claim that they are trying to "make it look good" or "express it in a way that is easy for the reader to understand").

2. Determine whether the claim can be supported by the evidence.

– Do you think there are any logical flaws?

An argument cannot be said to be valid if the reasoning is flawed, even if the evidence is sufficient. As a result, it's also crucial to be aware of typical logical fallacies. If it is true that "you cannot grasp the content of an article if you do not know how to read critically," it does not follow that "if you know how to read critically, you can understand the content of an article." It is vital to understand the logical progression of the literature before examining its validity.

– Is there actually a link between the two?

Is it feasible that while A and B are said to have a causal relationship, this is only a basic back-and-forth link in time, or that B causes A rather than A causing B, or that a third component causes A and B and there is no causal relationship between A and B?

– Are you organizing the situation in an oversimplified way?

– When the situation is complex, are you simplifying and comprehending it in terms of 'A or B' and ignoring other possibilities? Consider whether there is a different type of answer than the one displayed.

– Is there an underlying assumption, and if so, is it a reasonable one?

– You can be inadvertently appealing to a different premise by deriving that argument from the evidence. The premise is sometimes not dared to be mentioned because it is so obvious, such as that it is a reality, but it is often the premise that is the subject of discussion. It's also important to pay attention to the author's assumptions.

3. consider the overall debate

– Is there any circumstance in which this strategy would be ineffective?

The author's recommended technique or argument may work well in the author's imagined context, but it may not in another. Examine the author's proposal's validity by comparing it to the case of another technique or evaluating situations other than the author's own envisaged context.

– What are the arguments ramifications?

In addition to the viewpoints outlined above, it is vital to analyse what else can be deduced from the author's argument other what the author has stated. Accepting the argument or technique as correct could have other, perhaps negative repercussions.

Week 06 :

– How to Write an Effective Critique: Tips and Examples

Writing critiques can indicate your ability to think critically. This critical analytical talent may be necessary in educational courses, such as university, or when working in the academic area, in management and decision-making.

– What is critique?

Criticism is the practise of closely scrutinizing and assessing other people's views and work. Literature, films, television shows, business operations, and academic publications are all possible targets for critique. Criticism is typically written in the form of an essay or thesis, although it can also be delivered orally, as in a presentation. A good critique is a fair assessment of a concept or work, considering both its positive and negative features.

– How to write a critical review

You must have a thorough comprehension of the work you are reviewing before writing a critical review. If you're writing a critical review of a film, for example, you'll watch it numerous times. Following your enjoyment of the film, you will watch it from the point of view from which you are criticising it in order to assess the producer's intentions and how well they were communicated. It's also a good idea to take notes while you're viewing the movie to aid you in your writing. Following your watching of the video, go online and look up background and relevant material to help you better comprehend the film and any unfamiliar words.

After that,

Prepare an overview.
Write an introduction.
Write the text.
Compose a critique.
Proofread and revise the content.

1. Prepare an overview.

Make a bulleted list of the essential points to summarise. Consider the work you're analysing and the most crucial components seriously. Refer to this outline throughout the writing process to ensure that you do not wander from your topic. Consider the structure and length requirements of the critique when preparing the outline. The majority of critiques have a brief introduction, a body of two to four paragraphs, and a conclusion. You can change the number of paragraphs you take notes from depending on how long you want it to be.

2. Write an introduction.

Write an introduction that summarises the work you're analysing as well as your thoughts on it. At the end of the introduction, it is a declaration that identifies the author's aim, the subject matter to be reviewed, and the theme of the critique. It is normally three or four lines long as an introduction, but it can be many paragraphs long if the subject is complex. Concentrate on crafting an introduction that engages and draws the reader in, encouraging them to continue listening or reading.

3. Compose the major body of the text.

The main body of the paper should expand on the issues mentioned in the introduction. The body is usually two to four paragraphs long, however it could be longer or shorter depending on the requirements.

One notion every paragraph should be the emphasis of the body. In the first line, state your idea, and then use examples from your work to back it up. You can also use quotations that support your point of view. When quoting, make sure you use the same symbols for quote marks every time.

4. Summarize the critique.

Finally, compose a summary that summarizes your main points. Build on what you've mentioned in the body paragraphs and try to get to a natural conclusion to your critique. It will be similar to the introduction, but it will be delivered in a different manner. Most conclusions will be two to four lines long, but complicated critiques may require several paragraphs.

5. Proofread and revise the content.

Read the review from beginning to end to ensure that it conveys a professional image. Make any necessary corrections to typos, grammatical problems, or uncomfortable language. Reading the entire work aloud might sometimes give you a clear notion of what needs to be fixed. Spend a few hours on this step if you have the time. Spend a few days, if possible, editing and refining your work until you are satisfied.

Week 07 :

(No lecture in this week.)

●Exercises

Week 04 :

・Figure out what I have to do

・Re-decide the topic

・Re-identify a research problem

・Re-compose research article

For this week, after I finish doing research proposal, I learn about the yo-kai culture again to write the critical review.

Week 05 :

・Search some article for my research more than five articles

Week 06 :

・Summary the article

・Submit the critical review to google document

– The Instruction

Your Critical Review assignment dateline as mentioned will be tomorrow before midnight, 15th May 2020 at 12 noon. Please ensure that you have reviewed all five articles and consolidate them into a comprehensive review of the PDF document. All the five chosen articles and the initial summaries of the review ought to be placed in folder #2 (Critical Review) in Google Drive and shared with me for my reference. In the past weeks, notification on this submission requirements and notes were shared. Essentially, the content of the review, ought to cover the STRUCTURE, METHODOLOGY, REASONS or EVIDENCE, CONCLUSION and THE LOGICAL FLOW of discussion.

Week 07 :

– The Instruction

As you are aware that the dateline for assignment #2, Critical Review, will be on the ending of week 7 academically (15th May 2022 before 12 noon). As mentioned in the last tutorial session before the public holiday last week, I would expect to see some progress to be discussed in tomorrow's tutorial (week 7). I would expect to provide the verbal feedback on how you can improve for the submission of this critical review.

With all the shared recorded lecture and notes on Critical Review (in Classroom materials in Microsoft Teams), and your participation in the Research 101 library information literacy online workshop, you would have discovered the relevant articles suitable for this evaluation and review. Please remember that these articles will be used again for cross-comparison for section #2 (Literature Review) of your future dissertation module of DIS60304.

1.1 Critical Review / PDF

1.1 Critical Review - Slide / PDF

●Feedback

Week 04 :

General feedback

After the lecture of brief for next task, critical review, I got feedback for research proposal.

Specific feedback

Confirm the reference which is from a scholarly article. without some magazine, website etc.

Week 05 :

General feedback

I got feedback for Critical Review.

Specific feedback

Use Journal articles for research.

Week 06 :

General feedback

This week, we learned about the research design, data collection. After the lecture, I got feedback for Critical Review.

Specific feedback

Show the relation between the article and my research topic.

Week 07 :

General feedback

We were required to start to do next task, research design. Also we got the slide to know what we have to do in research such as the method to get information. And then, I got feedback for Critical Review.

Specific feedback

Show the relation between the article and my research topic.

●Reflections

>Experience

From this task, I got new ability to see the article with critical view so I can explore own idea for the topic. Also I could know yo-kai culture more and more. It was good opportunity to learn it as well. I felt that it is useful for me to create the character design in the future.

>Observations

For this task, it can widen my range of vision to explore the study. It shows importance for me to use this ability for future, job. To add, I felt the importance of having respect to the article and knowledge to do critique.

>Findings

The importance of it to explore the study as process of research.

>Further readings/references

How to Write a Critical Review :

https://www.eliteediting.com.au/how-to-write-critical-review/